Manufacture of paper



Dec. 14 1926n c. BUCKING MANUFACTURE OF PAPER Filed July 22. 1925' 1 ma F Patented Dec. 14, '1926.

tiirlinnv smrtsv PATENT OFFICE.

CARL IB'GKING, OF A:Bllil'It/'LESCHZEN, GERMANY.

MANUFACTU-RE F PAPER.

Application led'iluly'22, 1925, Serial No. 45,312, and in Germany July 25, 1924.

This invention has reference toI improvements in the manufacture of paper, and-it is particularly intended to devise means of overcoming the inequalities of strength in various directions of the paper which are mainly due-to the fact that in the ordinary course of manufacture the fibres are caused to lie mainly in one and the samedirection. This is particularly true of the papers manufactured by machin-ery web of paper is 'caused to be deposited on lan endless wire-cloth. With this method of manufacturing there is the drawback that the fibres on flowing upon the sieve or wirecloth are mainlycaused to follow the direction of flow and of the movement of the sieve. so that they will be caused to be deposited substantially in the parallel direction with relation to each other and t0 the direct-ion of movement of the sieve; and in this position the fibres will remain in the finished paper. As a result thereof the strength of the paper is considerably `greater in the longitudinal direction thereof as compared with its resistency in the transverse direction.

.Attempts have already been made to obviate this difficulty by producing a vibration of the sieve or-wire-cloth or bv the shaking of the stuff boX or by disturbing the tendency of longitudinal depositing of the fibres hy imparting a gentle reciprocating agitating or so to speak weaving movement to the liquid stuff during its settling upon the sieve.

However, by proceeding in this manner it has only been possible to produce a slight increase of the tearing resistency of the paper at right angle to its movement. lt has also been proposed to produce whirls in the to paper pulp before settling.

Now in accordance with mv invention these difficulties are obviated by the fact that a very effective whirling or eddying movement isproduced in the dilute pulp liquor before and during the depositing thereof upon the sieve and in such a manner that the whirling or twisting axes'of the eddies or whirls-` will be substantially at right angle to the plane of flow of the pulp.

In the practice of my invention it has been ascertained that it is preferable to produce a plurality of comparatively small whirls, so as to obtain as complete a distribution of the fibres of the pulp as possible. The production of these rvhirls o r eddies may be effected in different manners. I admit the in which a. continuous ,such embodiment 1n a paper ulp to the stream of pulp feeding the wire-c oth in an ascending direction. It has been found to be particularly advantageous to employ upright tubes provided with guiding faces, worms, or the like and through which the pulp is introduced-onto the machine sieve in an ascending direction.

The invention will be further described' with reference to the accompanying drawing, showing by way of example an embodiment of the principles thereof, in a preferred arrangement of parts, Figure 1 presenting longitudinal section: Figure@ is a cross section on the line 2--2 of Figure 1 taken through the pulp admitting means of an ordinary long sieve machine.

channel or the like through which the dilute pulp liquor o is introduced into the machine. The admission means a is directly connected to a. descending box 0 which is connected to a lower'horizontal section d upon which a plurality of vupright tubes e are mounted.

vBv this means a system of communicating tubes is obtained, one of the legs of which is formedby the box c whilethe other leg of said tubes is constituted hy a plurality of individual tubes e. Said-tubes e, as indicated in Figure 1 of the drawing, are provided with inclined guiding planes. worms or the like and the upper ends of the tubes are in communication with the pulp supplying means f from which the dilute pulpY I) 1s caused to flow 'onto the endless paper sieve g.

The leg of the system of pipes which is constituted by the box e is of greater length than the tubes e so that the dilute -pulp is caused to overcome the resistance of the guiding or worm surfaces with a certain :velocity and by forming ascendingv whirls of liquid the axes of which are substantially at right angle to the horizontal, and the pulp is thereby discharged from the tubes by a whirling movement. yBy employing a lurality of such tubes' a large numln the drawing: a is the admission tube,

communicating ber of individual whirls are roduced, partly I intersecting each other and t ereby resulting in an exceedingly uniform and thorough whirlingv around ofthe fibres of the pulp; If these fibres which perform a whirling movement substantially on a vertical axis, arel then deposited upon the sieve, the fibres will arrange themselves in such a manner that the will be substantially uniformly arranged7 in all directions instead of preferring to settle in the longitudinal the paper sieve as has been the case in the methods heretofore employed. If several rows of ascending tubes e are used they may be. preferably arranged in staggered relation to each other as shown in Fig. 2; also the guiding plates on said tubes in the succeedlng rows may be of different inclination.

The worm faces in the ascending tubes e may all be arranged inthe same direction but it is also possible to vary the direction l of the worm surfaces.

The .velocity of the whirl depends on the hydrostatic over-pressure prevailing in the leg c of the system of tubes. The particular advantages ofthe invention which are produced by the uniform deposition of the fibres in all irections upon the paper sieve consist among other important objects-mainly in an increased strength and improved felting qualities of'the papers, the decrease of strain on the sieve the machine inconsequence of areduction of the necessary vibration and in an economy of power in the entire operating plant inasmuch as the fibres do not require any more to be so thoroughly ground inthe beater as as been the case before myinvention.

` Example.

As an instance of carrying the invention into practice beenmade on a ong sieve paper machine with a certain kind of pulp and without the improvements in accordance with my invention. In this test a certain kind of bagpaper was manufactured which in the longitudinal direction showed a tearing strengthv of 7000 mtrs. while in the transverse direction the tearing strength amounted to not more than 3500 mtrs. at the maximum so that the ratio of the strength in the transverse direction to the strength in the longi-y tudinal direction amounted to not more than :100 at the highest. With this particular p kind of paper this relation was heretofore considered to be thoroughly satisfactory.

After the 'application ofthe means heretofore described for generating rotary whirl` ing movements of the pulp it has been possible with the same kind of paper and with an unchanged tearingstrength of 7000 mtrs. in the longitudinal direction to arrive ata tearing strength of 5400 mtrs. in the transverse direction or in other words the proportion of tearing strength in the transverse direction to the tearing strength in the longitudinal direction i. was increased 7 100. With an increase of the whirling vactivity the transverse strength wasfurther increased, while the longitudinal strength remained unchanged, so as to produce a ratio of transl verse strength to longitlulinastrength of 90:100 a proportion which heretoforeit was with the nd associated part's'of I may mention a test which has d Lerares direction of usual paper made by machinery; and in furt er pursuance of the invention it was possible to even arrive at a ratio of 1:1.

In this connection the additional advantage has been realized of reducing the usual grinding action on the pulp for the amount of 10 percent and to cause the paper machine to run at an increase of speed of 10 percent, so that, aside from the considerably improved quality of the paper, the invention ias resulted in a decrease of the cost of manufacture and an increase of yield of the same machine after the application of the means for the production of the whirling motion in accordance with my invention.

It should, of course, be understood that the invention has been by Way of exemplification only and'that it is not restricted to the particular means, dimensions and arrangements of parts shown and set forth with reference thereto, but modifications and changes may occur within the scope and spirit of the invention, to suitparticular conditions of manufacture and the convenience of the user, and without deviating from the ambit of the invention as particularly pointed out in the claims hereunto appended.

1. In .the method or' making machine paper, causing a substantially dat stream of ilute pulp liquor to flow in a substantially longitudinal direction, producing an eddying, whirling movement within said stream substantially at right angle to its'direction of How by admitting the pulp liquor from below the said stream in shape of a plurality of small eddies with substantially vertical axes and submitting the stream to straining while such movement continues.

2. In a paper making machine in combi nation, a source of pulp supply, a straining wire-cloth, and means intermediate the source and the wire-cloth adapted to admit the pulp liquor to the stream feeding the `wire cloth inan ascending direction and in the shape of a plurality of small eddies with substantially vertical. axes.

3. In apaper making machine in combination, a substantially U-shaped container, pulp liquor admitting means on one leg of said container, means in the other leg of said container adapted to produce eddying and whirling movement of the liquor, and wire-cloth straining means adjacent the top of the eddy producing leg and operatively associated therewith. y y

4. In -a paper making machine in combination, a substantially U-shaped. container, having legs of unequal length, pulp-liquor supplying and feed' shown and described4 mg means at the longer, eg 'of the container, means adapted to produce eddyingand whirling movement of the liquor on the shorter leg of the container, anda traveling wire-cloth adjacent the top ciated therewith.

of the shorter leg and cooperatively asso- 5. In a paper making machine/in` combination, aplurality of snbstantiallyupright pipes, means to feed a supply of pulp llquor to said pipes and through the same inthe ascending direction, means onv said pipes adapted to produce whirling and eddyingA a substantially.

movement of the liquid, and horizontal wire-cloth adjacent the upper end of the pipes and 'operatively associated therewith. y n

6. Ina paper mak-ing machine in combination, aplurality of substantially vertical tubes, screw-like inclined guiding surfaces on said tubes, liquor tol and through cending direction, a substantially horizontal strainin wire-cloth substantially in the plane o the 't'op of said tubes, and commu-- nicating means between the tubes and the' lwire-cloth. Y

7. In a paper making machine in combination, a vplurality oi substantially verticaltubes, worm-like guiding surfaces on said tubes," means adapted to feed pulp-liquor in an ascendin direction to and through said tubes, a su stantially horizontal strammeans adapted` to .feed pulp 4said tubesi'n an a`s` nation, rows of means between the tubes and the wire-cloth.

8. In a` paper making machine in comb1- nation, a plurality of upright tubes, whirling means on said tubes, a liquidconduit presenting a head of liquid communicating with the'bottom ends of said tubes, and a traveling substantially horizontal wire-cloth near thetop ends of said tubes.

9. In a pa'per making machine in combination, a plurality of upright tubes, worm surfaces on said tubes, means communicating ada ted to produce a head of liquidv and to fee a' supply oi pulp liquor to the tubes, and a s`t`ra1n'rng' wire cloth` communicating with the top ends of said' tubes.

" 10. In a papermaking machine in combisubstantially upright tubes inv staggered relation to eachother, inclined` 'guiding planes on said tubes of different in clination in 4the succeedingrows, means to feed pulp'liquor to and hrough said tubes in an `ascending direction, and a horizontal straining wire-cloth near the top ends of said tubes. g

f CARL BoKING.

-with'the bottom, ends ofl said tubes and' 

